If you are a basketball player who is practicing free throws, some specific goals about what you want to accomplish might be "to make 10 out of 10" or "keep my elbows in". If you miss a couple shots in a row then you should attribute the missed shots to a specific issue with your technique and come up with specific ways to address this: "I didn't bend my knees" or "focus on the back of the rim".
The best practicers have forethought and set specific goals for the practice session. Choose specific practice strategies to achieve these goals. Put the chosen strategies into practice and closely self-monitor how you're doing. After the practice session, use self-reflection to evaluate how you did and precisely why things went well or didn't go well.
For handling mistakes, you have to correct errors in such a way that helps you avoid making them over and over. Do some detective work to locate precisely where you are going wrong (where the mistake is taking place), identify the nature of the mistake and/or the underlying issues behind it, and come up with a plan about what you need to do differently the next time - what adjustments or tweaks to make.
Slow down and repeat to correct the error and make sure it is stabilized. Coordinate the correct motor movements at a tempo you can handle. Then gradually bring it back to tempo (or beyond), making sure to play it many more times correctly than incorrectly to reinforce the correct pathway.
If you are playing something incorrectly you have to address those errors immediately when they appear. Identify the precise location and source for each error and correct it. The more you play it incorrectly the harder it will be to fix. So fix it and then play it/practice it correctly so that your times playing it correctly outnumber the percentage of times you played it incorrectly.
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